Internal-combustion engine.



R.T.NEWT0N &1.M.uPPERcu INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION msn Nov.2|`.1913.

19148@ 18. Patentd July 27, 1915.

M 2 SHEETS-SHEET lA mnulnungllllilnt f l y* E f y 1 i INVENTORS; Gam. EMA/W7.' VEM/m/fyL/s MJ/fff/fcu, Lia

ATTORNEYS R.T.NEWTON &I.M.UPPERCU INTERNAL GOMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOVJI. ISIS.

Patented July 27, i915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2- limmwws INVENTORS.- lstffffmg,

I 1 if.. y, .l .I u.

Esser; end

' INTERNL-CQMBUSTDN nie-snes..

application filed November 2l, i913. Serial No. 802,227.

To all whom it may conce-rn:

Be it lrnorvntliet We, Ric-r ,no 'Jil NEWTON and lid. Erection, citizens of the United. States, residing, respectively, at Nutley, in the county of l Een end State o New Jersey, and et llewerlr,

State of New lersey, here invented certain and l improvements in lnternsl-Combustion end we do hereby declare the following to he e full, clear, and enact description of the invention, such- :is will enehle'others skilled in the nrt to which it ep'perteins to moire and use the ssi-me, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to characters of reference 4rnerlred thereon, which torni s part of this "The present invention relates, generally, to improvements in internal combustion or explosive engines; and, the invention has reference, more particularly, to :in improved construction or engine, combining 'with the cylinder thereof o, novel advancing and retarding exhaust and compression control valve-mechanisn'i, which will operate to either reduce or increase the amount and time of compression of the explosive mixture in the firing-chamber, and simultaneously advance or retard the time or' theexlieustion from the tiring-chamber of the burnt or exploded ses.

The invention has for its' principal object tolprovide, in connection with the cylinder of, en internal combustion or explosive engine, c normally operated valve-mechanism for controlling, between maximum und minimum limits, the compression or the fuel mixture in the tiring-chamber, and the ei;-

haustion of the burnt gases alter tiring or ignition. Another ohject of the present invention is to provide, ,in connection with the fuel intakeot the engine, ineens for throttlingthe delivery of explosive mixture by the carburetor, the same being so connected with the Aoperating means of seid novelY Valve'- meclinnism, shove referred to, as to be simultaneously orsynchronously operated in company therewith. Y

A still further ole-ject of theI present 1nvention iste provide, in connection with the usuel; cominutnting device for controlling the timing of the delivery or' the electric igl nition Vcurrent to the spark-plug introduced Within-the firing-chamber, means `tor conpecceton of Letters Patent.

in the cinu'nsT et l Patented July 27, MM5..

necting with the operating means of seid novel valif'e-'mechaniszm above referred to, seid comniutnting device, so es to synchronize its operations to the operations iof said valve-mechanism and said fuel. throttling ineensn Other objects of the present invention, not

et this time more particularly enumerated,v

will

be clearly understood from the following detailed description of the some. lVitli the various objects of the present invention in view, vthe same consists, primarily, in the novel construction of internal combustion engine hereinafter set forth; and, the

invention consists, furthermore, in the novel nrrnngeinents and combinations of the various devices and part/s, es well as in the details of the construction of the same, all of which will be more fully described in the rThe invention is clearly illustrated in Vthe l accompanying drawings, in whichzw Figure l is a side elevation of an internal combustion engine, made according to and, embodying the principles .of the present in, vention; Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal cross section of the same, taken on line 2 2 in said Fig. l; und Fig. 3 is a detail Vertical longitudinal section, teken on line 3-'3 in said Fig. 2, looking in the direction of the err-ow m.

Similar characters of reference are employed in all of the above described views, toV indicate corresponding parts. s

Referring now to the drawings, the reference character l indicates a complete internal combustion engine made according to and embodying the principles or' the present invention, the seme. comprising a crank-casing 2, the lower half, or separable part, 3 of which is connected therewith in any suitable manner. .iMounted in connection with said crank-casing 2, and secured in said connection in any suitable or in the usual manner, is a. cylinder-member 4, the upper interior portion 5 of which provides the usual liringchamber. The Wnlls of said cylinder-member -i are provided with the usuel internal passages (l, through which cool Water is inllo,y

are formed in connection with the crankcasing 2 and its lower half 3, is acrankshaft S, to the crank-portion 9 oiE which is Connected one end of the pitman 10. The other end of said pitman is connected with the journal or cross-pin 11 of a piston 12 which is slidably arranged within said cylinder-member ei, so as to reciprocate therein. Said`piston 12 is hollow and open at its lower end, so that its interior is in communication with the interior of said crank-casing. Formed in the wall of said cylinder-member e, and located yin any suitable or convenient part thereof, isa vertical ley-pass passage 13, the lower end of which terminates in a port o r opening 14, opening into the lower part of the interior 4of said cylinv der-member 1. The upper end of said bypass passage 13 terminates in an enlarged portion 15, in the mouth of which is seated a disk-valve 16, the downwardly depending stem 17 of which is slidably disposed in a socketed boss 18 formed in connection with the wall of said by-pass passage. Said enlarged portion 15 of said by-pass passagel communicates with the tiring-chamber 5 by means of a port or opening 19. Said diskvalve 16 is movable vertically so as to lift from its seat under the pressure of the gas rising through said by-pass passage 13, the force of gravity tending to return said diskvalve to its seat, and maintaining the same in closing relation to said by-pass passage against the return of the gas therethrough as the piston 12 compresses the gas within the said firing-chamber 5. rThe said cylinder-member 4i is provided, at a conveniently located point in its lower portion, with a gas intake port 20. Secured tothe exterior of said cylinder-member 4, so as to register with said gas intake `port 20, is a gas conduit 21, which is connectedI with and leads from any desirable construction or design of carburetor 22, in which the fuel mixture is generated. Said gas intake port 20 isso located that, as the piston 12 moves upwardly in the cylinder-member 4, the same is uncovered, and the suction created within the crank-casing by the rising piston draws into the crank-casing a charge of the fuel-mixture from said carbureter. The said piston 12 is provided in its wall, usually at a pointJ adjacent to its upper end, with an opening or port 2.3, which, as the piston descends,

registers with the lower port or opening 14 of said by-pass passage 13, so that the fuelmixture compressed within the crank-casing by the'descent of said piston is caused to flow into said by-pass passage'13, thereby lifting said. disk-valve 16, so that said fuel mixture may pass through said port or opening 19 intothe tiring-chamber 5, wherein it is compressed by the rising piston preparatory toignition of the saine whereby it is exploded to produce the power impulse.

means plurality of exhaust ports, however, we may have `the saine connected in the form of an elongated single opening or slot.

rThe reference character 26 indicates a suitable exhaust conduit, the same being secured in any suitable manner to said cylinder-member fi, so as to register its inner end in communication with said main exhaust .port 21. Connected with said exhaust conduit 26, and preferably forming an integral part thereof, is a valve-casing 27, the same being formed with a hollow cone-shaped seat or chambered portion 28. The wall of said valve-casing 27 is provided 'with a plurality of openings 29, 29, 29 and 29', which lead into said chambered portion 28, and which respectively register with said auxiliary exhaust ports 25, 25', 25 and 25, so that the latter will discharge into said chambered portion 28. It will also be understood that said openings 29, 29, 29 and 29 may be connected in the form of an elongated single opening or slot, when the auxiliary port is so formed. Rotatably seated in said cone-shaped seat4 or chambered portion 28 is u hollow cone-shaped rotatable valve-member or gate 30, the same being open at its lower end, as at 31, so as to communicate with the interior of. said exhaust conduit 2G. Said valve-member or gate 30 is provided with a centrally disposed and upwardly extending stem 32, the same being journaled in an opening 3 formed in the upper portion of said valve casing 27. Secured to the exteriorly projecting end of said valve-steni32 is the hub-portion 34: of an outwardly extending lever-arm 35,. by means of which the proper rotary movement may ber imparted to said valve-member or gate. .l Mounted upon said valve-stem 512,;be-

neath said hub-portion Sli is a washer5,36,4

inclined edge converging with said vertical edge at the upper end of said port or open- Y messia ingr When the valve is u'ideyopen, as shown .this manner it will he apparent that by any selected degree of opening or closingr of said j 25, the auxiliary exhaust ports 25'.,

25 remamlng closed` 1t follows that said valve-member or gate .hy turning the same, one or more oi" said auxiliary exhaust ports inay he opened or closed. 'it will he apparent that when said` valve-*nemher 'or gate is positioned so as to shut oil' or close all of said auxiliary exhaust ports, the said main exhaust port 2li-.s alone in communication with the tiring chamber 5 of said cylinder-- member'. Under such a condition the piston begins to compressthe charge of fuel mi2;- ture introduced into lthe firing-chamber the moment the same passes saidrmain exhaust port 52aupon its upward stroke or movement, consequently a maximum compression oi" a maximum Jfuel charge is attained, and when charge is ignited, the ea'hau tion is delayed until on itsV downward stroke or moi'enient, a n passes and opens said main exhaust poet and thus the full or maximum power impulse derived from the expansion oi the exploded fuel charge is utilized and available. lVhen, however, said valve-member or gate is so positioned that it registers its port or opening 38 with the auxiliary exhaustport 25 and auxiliary exhaust port 25 -is /hrought into communication u'ith said exhaust conduit 26, consequently .the `amount of compression resulting from. the risingof thepiston in the firing-chamber Si is reduced sinceA the compressing operation ot' the piston is delayed until said piston passes said auxiliary exhaust port 25, and :troni the same cause' the time of ehaustion of the exploded incl charge is advanced, so to 'occur earlier during the downward inoaement or stroke of said piston, hy reason of the opening of said 'auxiliary exhaust port 25 in advan e of the opening of said inain exhaust port 2,4: by the downwardly passing piston. it iollows, therefore, that hy irnoving'said valveroember or gate 30 to open successively1 said auxiliary exhaust ports, the compression' stroke of said piston may be regulated and lcontrolled 'between the.' maximum limit,

which ispredieated upon the use of said v'main exhaust port alone, and the minimum limit-"Whioh is predicated upon the [use of all ofthe auxiliary exhaust ports in addition tovsaid main exhaust port'c; and alike manner the power impulse ofthe eis- Fixed upon sain ploded fuel charge is likewise regulated and controlled.' between maximum and minimum limits, hy the advancing of the time of eshaustion or discharge of tl e exploded fuel with relation to the/downward movement or stroke of the piston. @i course means must he provided for operating said valveinemher or gate 50 to attain the results shove pointed out, and since such means may he greatly varied in its detail construction, Je do not limit ourselves to the means shown in the accompanying'drawings and hereinafter described, hut intend the same to he merely illustrative of one of a plurality oi nodes hy which thedesired result may he attained.

is shown in the drawings, the said operating means consists of a. rock-shaft 4l, which may he suitably mounted in any convenient place exterior' of the engine.

` roch-shaft ll is a lever- ,arm 42,' to the free end of which is pivotally secured one end of a connecting rod 43, the opposite end of which is pivotally connected with the free end of said lever-arm which is'secured upon the stein 32 of said valvef.

member or fijate llt Fixed upon said rockshaitt al is an operating; lever siii, Which,.0f course, may he operated hy hand or foot application as desired, the same:,`whcn operated, causing the oscillation of said rockshaft 4l ande lever-arm i2, the resultant 'movement heinp; transmitted said coniiecting-rod 43 to said lever-arm 35 and consequently said valve-member or gate 30. Said operating lever 44 and the rock-shaftv 41, together with the parts ope 'ated by and connected therewith, may be returned to normal initial position automatically by the tension of a spring-,means i5 connected with the arni d6, or, when such an arrangement is desired, the return to initial position may A he accomplished hy 4the manual reverse operation of said operating lever 44.

ill/Then it 1s desired to reduce the amount .I strength oi' Athe power ii'npulse of the eX- plode'd fuel charge, hy means of the operation of V the auxiliary valve mechanism as above described, it is also desirable to reduce proportionall7 they volume of fuelmixture delivered from the carburetor to the firing-chambersimultaneously, and to el1() of compression oi? the fuel charge and the c this end a valve means is'provided in 'the duit 2i so as to abstract inv varying segrete is@ open position.

the free passage of the fuel mixture therethrough. Saidr valve-disk 48 may be provided with a marginal depression or cutaway portion i9, which assures the passage of a minimum amount ot the fuel mixture thereby, 'even thoughsaid valve-disk he entirely closed.' Secured to the exteriorly projecting end of .said spindle 47 is a lever-arm 50, and secured externally to the walls of said conduit 2l are outwardly projecting stop-pins 5l and 5i', which when engaged by said lever-arm 50- respectively stop the same, and serve to check the movementl of said falvc-disk 4S when the same reaches either` its completely closed or completely Pivotally connected with the free end Yot' said lever-arm 50 is a knuckle-joint 52, through which extends one end of a connecting-rod 5S, the same being: capable of a sliding movement therethrough. A 'collar or nut 54 lixed upon the extreme end of said connecting-rod prevents the withdrawalot said connecting-rod from said knuckle-joint. Also fixed upon said connecting-rod 53, upon the opposite side of' '-said knuckle-joint is another collar 55, between which and said knuckle-)uint 1s arranged a coil-spring 5G. The opposite end of said connecting-rod 58 is pivotally se-v cured to the free cud ot' a lever-arm 57, which is also xed upon said rock-shaft. ell so as to be oscillated thereby simultaneously with the operation ot said auxiliary valve# mechanism. lVhen the operating lever 44: is manipulated, the movement of said rocl shaft 41 and lever-arm 57 is transmitted through said connecting-rod 53 to said leverarm 50, so that as said auxiliary valve-mechanism is operated to open said auxiliary ex haust ports, the said butter-fly valve-disk l, is sii'nultaneously caused to move into c sing relation to said conduit 21, and thereby reduce the amount of fuel mixture passed therethrough. Since, however, said valve-disk is preferably arranged to reach its completely closed position in advance of said valve-member or ,frate 30 reaching its completely opened position, and since both mechanisms are operated from the same source of power application, it is apparent that said connecting rod .53 continues to move after the valve-disk 48 is completely closed and stripped from further movement, hence the necessity of some device such as the slidalole connection of said connectingrod 53 with the knuckle-joint 52 and the coil-spring 56, for as the lever-arm 50 and its knuckle-joint 52 comes to rest, the con heating-rod 53 continues to move, thereupon sliding through said knuckle-joint and compressing; the coil-spring 56, which consequently maintains said valve-disk 48 closed'.

-While said connecting-rod 53 is recovering this additional movementdilring the reverse operation of the mechanism, or the return of Liliane.

the mechanism to normal initial positions. It will be apparent that, from the novel correlation and cooperation of said auxiliary valve mechanism and said fuel control valve mechanism, simultaneously with the reduction of the amount of compremion and strength of power impulse as the latter is controlled by early exhaustion,- we also reduce the quantity or volume of fuel mixture delivered to the firing-chamber 5, thus providingT for an exceedingly' high degree of economy in fuel consumption, together with a highly efiicient control of the engine power and operation.

ln addition to the simultaneous control of fuel charge supply, compression and eX- haustion, as provided for by means of the above described mechanisms, it is also desirable to provide, in simultaneous control and copcration therewith, means for advancing and retardingthe time of delivery of the electric ignition current to the sparkplug 58, which is'connected as usual with the cylinder-member l, and presented within the firing-chamber To this end the usual commuta'tor device 59 is provided, the shaft GO of which is driven, in properly timed relation, by the crank-shaft 8 through the gearing (il. Said commutator 59 is pro vided with the usual outwardly extending arm 69, where-by its Contact carrying mem-- ber is shifted with relation to the rotary hrush driven by its shaft 60, to advance or retard the closing of the ignition circuit to the spark-plug, all in the well known and ordinary manner. Fixed Vupon saidrockshaft 4l is another lever-arm G3, to the free end of which is pivotally secured one'end of a co1mccting-rod (i3, the opposite end of' which is pivotally connected with said arm (i2 of said coinmutator device 59, so that upon the operation of said auxiliary valvemechanism and fuel supply reducing,` mechan nism,`the1'e is accomplished a simultaneous and proportional retardation of the time of ignition current delivery to the sparkplug 5S. v'

We are aware that some changes may loe made in the general arrangements and combinations ci the several devices and parts, as T well as in the rdetails of the construction of the same, without departing Jfrom the scope of the present invention as set forth in the foregoing specification. Hence, we. do not limit our present invention to the exact arrangements and combinations of the various devices and parts as described inthe said? specification. nor do we confine ourselves td the exact arrangements or details of the con# structionof the said parts as illustrated inr the accompanying drawings.`

1. The combination with the cylinder pro` .vided with a main exhaust port of a plul rality of auxiliary exhaust ports, means ttor isc messia successively opening said'auxiliay exhaust ports, fueldelivery means, means for. :ontrolling the passage of ful llliroughsaid delivery means, and mechani'emyfor si nultaneously operating said oplc'niiig means of said auxiliary" exhaust portsfahd said fuelv control means. J

2.4 The combmationgvith the cylindenprovided with a man1 ex said main exhaust port, a, movable Gate cooperating with the outer end of said auxillary exhaust port and adapted to openthe ,same to various degrees bet'ween itsl closed'y means, and means for simultaneously operating said controlling means and said movable gate.

3. The combination with the cylinder provided with a main exhaust port of an auxiliary exhaust port disposed in a plane above said main exhaust port, a movable gate cooperating with the outer end of said auxiliary exhaust ,port and adapted to open the 'same to various degrees, means for operating said movable gate, a fuel intake port, fuel delivery means, means' for controlling the passage of fuel through said delivery means, means for operating said controlling means, and a piston slidably arranged in said cylinder and ladapted vto control the opening of said main exhaust port, the inner end of said auxiliary exhaust port and said fuel intake port.

ll. The combination with the cylinder provided with a main exhaust port 4and a fuel intake port et a plurality of auxiliary exhaust ports disposed in successive planes above said main exhaust port, a piston mounted to reciprocate Within said cylinder and ada ted to control the opening of said main ex aust port, the inner ends of said auxiliary exhaust ports, and said fuel intake port, a movable gate coperatng with the outer ends of said auxiliary exhaustl ports and ada ted to successively open. the same, fuel delivery means communicating with said fuel intake port, means for controlling the-passage of uel through said delivery means, and mec anism foinl simultaneously operating said movable gate and said fuel control means.

5. lThe combination with the cylinder provided with a main exhaust port and a fuel intake port of aplurality of auxiliary exhaust ports disposed in successive planes' above said main exhaust port, a piston mounted to reciprocate within said cylinder and adapted to control the opening of said V'65 main exhaust port, the inner ends of said 'austport of an auxillary exhaust port disposedin a plane above' auxiliary exhaust ports and said fuel intake -i port, a movable gate coperating with the outer ends of said .auxiliary exhaust ports and adapted to successively open the same, fuel delivery means communicating with said fuel intake port, means for controlling the passage of fuel through said delivery means, a spark-plug in said cylinder, a. commutator device for timing the delivery of electric ignition current to said spark-plug, means for controlling the operation of said commutator device, and mechanism for simultaneously operating said movable gate, said fuel control ineens and said commutator control means.

6. The combination with the cylinder provided "with a lnain exhaust port and a plurality df auxiliary exhaust ports, disposed in successive planes above said main exhaust port, 'of an exhaust conduit registering with vsaid main exhaust port, a valvecasing connected with said exhaust conduit and provided with openings registering with said auxiliary exhaust ports, a hollow valve-member rotatably mounted in said 'valve-casing,l the interior of said valvemember being open to communication at its lower endwith said exhaust conduit, said -valve-memberhaving a port constructed to successively open to communication with the interior of said valve-member said auxiliary exhaust ports when said valve-mem- .ber is turned, and means for rotating said member having a port constructed to suc-.

cessively open 'to commuliication'ilwith the interior of said valve-member saidauxiliary exhaust ports when said valve-member is turned, saidy cylinder being further {3rovided with a fuel intake' Dort, 'a fuel delivery conduit registered vvith said fuel ini take port, a butter-ily valve-disk rotatably* mounted to extend transversely across sai'cl fuel delivery conduit, and mechanism for simultaneously operating said valve-mem-- ber and said butter-ily valve-disk.

8. rlhe combinationv with the cylinder provided with a main exhaust port and a plu-' rality of auxiliary exhaust ports, disposed .in successive vplanes above said main exhaust port, of an exhaust conduit registeringwith said main exhaust port, a valveist iso

asing connected with 'said exhaust conduit and provided with openings registering with said auxiliary exhaust ports, a hollow valve-member rotatably mounted in said valve-casing, the interior of said 1lve-IneIn ber being open to Communication at its lower end with said exhaust conduit, said valve-member having a port constructed te successively open to communication with the interior of said valve-.meinher said auxiliary exhaust ports when said valve-member is turned, 'said cylinder being further provided with a fuel intake port, a iuel delivery conduit registered filth said ruel intake port, a. butter-ily valve-disk rotatably mountei to extend transversely across said` fuel delivery conduit, a spark-plug in said eylinder, a commutater device for timing the delivery of electric ignition current to said spark-plug, means for controlling the operationof said eominutator device, and mechanism `for simultaneously ope ating said valve-member, said buttenlly valve- 'disln and said eorumutator control means;

ln testimony7 that we claim the .invention set forth above We have hereunto set our hands this 18th day of November, 1913.

RICHARD T. NEVTON. INGL'IS M. UPPERGU. W'itnesses Firmin. C. FRAENTZEL, Femm. H. W. AFRAENTZEL. 

